Indoor air quality probably isn’t something you think about every day — but maybe you should. Americans spend about 90% of their time indoors, and studies show that indoor air can be two to five times more polluted than the air outside. That’s a big deal, especially if you or your family deal with allergies, asthma, or chronic respiratory issues. And while simple steps like ventilation and air duct cleaning can make a noticeable difference, many homeowners don’t realize just how many hidden pollutants are circulating through their homes.

Whether you’re living in a brand-new building or an older home, the air inside your space is affected by everything from dust and pet dander to cleaning products and humidity. Luckily, improving indoor air quality doesn’t have to be complicated. With a few smart changes, you can reduce pollutants and create a healthier environment.

Why Indoor Air Quality Matters

Poor air quality can lead to a range of health issues — some mild, like dry eyes or headaches, and some more serious, like long-term respiratory irritation. If your home has musty smells, visible dust buildup, or lingering odors, those are signs that the air inside may not be as clean as it should be.

Even if you don’t notice any immediate symptoms, poor air quality can affect sleep, immune function, and overall comfort. And if someone in your household has asthma, COPD, or allergies, clean air becomes even more important.

Ventilation Is Step One

Good airflow is the foundation of better indoor air quality. Stale indoor air can trap pollutants and moisture, especially in tightly sealed modern homes.

Whenever possible, open windows and doors to let fresh air in — even just 10 minutes a day can make a difference. Use exhaust fans in kitchens and bathrooms to pull moisture and odors outside. If your home doesn’t have mechanical ventilation built in, consider adding a whole-house ventilation system or an energy recovery ventilator (ERV) to keep fresh air circulating without sacrificing energy efficiency.

Keep Dust and Allergens in Check

Dust isn’t just a nuisance — it’s a mix of skin cells, fibers, pollen, and even mold spores. And it builds up fast. To cut it down:

  • Vacuum high-traffic areas regularly using a vacuum with a HEPA filter.

  • Mop hard floors weekly.

  • Wash bedding in hot water to kill dust mites.

  • Keep clutter to a minimum (less stuff = fewer surfaces for dust to settle).

Also, consider switching to low-pile rugs or hard flooring if you have persistent allergy issues. Carpeting tends to trap allergens, even with regular vacuuming.

Use Air Filters — and Replace Them

Your HVAC system plays a huge role in cleaning your home’s air, but only if it has a good filter — and that filter gets changed regularly. Basic fiberglass filters don’t catch much beyond large dust particles. Upgrading to a pleated MERV 8–13 filter will do a better job of trapping allergens, mold spores, and even some bacteria.

Just don’t forget to replace it! During heating or cooling season, aim for every 1 to 2 months, depending on your home and lifestyle. (Got pets? You may need to swap it more often.)

For even better results, consider adding an in-duct air purifier or a UV light system that kills airborne microbes inside your HVAC system.

Bring in an Air Purifier

Portable air purifiers can be a great supplement, especially in bedrooms, nurseries, or living areas. Look for models with true HEPA filters (not just “HEPA-type”) and check the CADR (Clean Air Delivery Rate) to make sure it’s sized properly for the room.

Some purifiers also include activated carbon filters that remove odors and VOCs (volatile organic compounds) — the chemicals off-gassed by things like paint, furniture, and cleaning supplies.

Cut Down on VOCs

Speaking of VOCs, many homes are filled with them — and most people don’t even realize it. These gases are released by things like:

  • Scented candles

  • Air fresheners

  • Cleaning sprays

  • Paint and varnish

  • Synthetic carpets or furniture

To reduce VOC exposure, choose low-VOC or no-VOC products whenever possible. Opt for natural cleaning solutions, skip artificial fragrances, and keep your home well-ventilated when using anything that smells strongly chemical.

Control Humidity Levels

Humidity isn’t just about comfort — it directly impacts air quality. High humidity encourages mold growth, while low humidity can dry out your sinuses and make airborne particles more irritating.

The sweet spot is between 30% and 50% relative humidity. Use a dehumidifier if your home tends to feel damp, especially in basements or bathrooms. In drier climates or winter months, a humidifier may help keep moisture levels healthy.

Some HVAC systems come with built-in humidifiers or dehumidifiers — a smart feature to consider if you’re planning an upgrade.

Add Houseplants — Carefully

Yes, certain houseplants can help filter the air, but don’t overdo it. Too many plants, especially in humid conditions, can actually encourage mold. Stick with a few easy-to-maintain, low-pollen options like:

  • Spider plants

  • Snake plants

  • Peace lilies (pet owners beware — these are toxic if ingested)

Make sure your pots have good drainage and that you don’t overwater — stagnant water = mold risk.

Long-Term Habits for Cleaner Air

Improving indoor air quality isn’t a one-time fix — it’s about building better habits over time:

  • Don’t smoke indoors

  • Take off shoes at the door to limit tracked-in pollutants

  • Store chemicals and paint in sealed containers outside of living areas

  • Change HVAC filters on schedule

  • Get your air ducts cleaned if there’s visible mold or excessive dust buildup

Final Thoughts

Breathing clean air at home shouldn’t be a luxury. With a few practical upgrades and some attention to habits, you can drastically improve indoor air quality — which pays off in better health, better sleep, and a more comfortable home overall.

If you’ve noticed musty smells, lingering dust, or allergy flare-ups, don’t ignore the signs. Start small, take it step by step, and you’ll be breathing easier in no time.